Excess IRA contributions occur for many reasons, like making a contribution without eligible compensation, accidentally exceeding the Roth IRA phase-out limits, rolling over a required minimum distribution (RMD), etc. Excess contributions to 401(k) plans can also occur. A plan participant might contribute to one plan, quit, get a new job, and then inadvertently exceed the combined annual deferral limits to plan #2 at the new job. Regardless of why an excess happened in either an IRA or a 401(k), the correction methods between the two are drastically different.

The year 2025 was filled with many significant events, from ushering in a new president, to a brief but alarming market correction. Overall, it proved to be a great year for investors. Investors enjoyed strong returns, and major indexes reached multiple new highs. The Fed’s decision to lower interest rates in the latter half of the year, a continued healthy and resilient economy, and strong corporate earnings fueled positive investor sentiment.